现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense):表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果,或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系。
用法1:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
用法2:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态
用法3:表示过去的经历(去过某地、做过某事)
构成:have/has + 动词过去分词(p.p.)
have:用于I/you/we/they
has:用于he/she/it
规则动词过去分词:与过去式相同(加-ed)
不规则动词过去分词:需要特殊记忆,如:go-went-gone, see-saw-seen, eat-ate-eaten
否定句:have/has + not + 过去分词
疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
时间标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, so far, in the past/last few years, since, for
I have done / He has done
I haven't done / He hasn't done
Have you done? / Has he done?
现在完成时 vs 一般过去时:
- 现在完成时强调对现在的影响,不能与具体过去时间连用
- 一般过去时强调过去的动作,常与具体过去时间连用
already(已经):用于肯定句
yet(还,已经):用于否定句和疑问句
have/has been to:去过某地(已经回来)
have/has gone to:去了某地(还没回来)
since + 时间点,for + 时间段
常见不规则动词过去分词:do-done, go-gone, see-seen, eat-eaten, write-written, take-taken, get-got/gotten, give-given
写出下列动词的过去分词: work, go, see, eat, write
区分规则和不规则
💬 work → worked (规则,加-ed) go → gone (不规则) see → seen (不规则) eat → eaten (不规则) write → written (不规则)
worked, gone, seen, eaten, written
通过游戏掌握现在完成时的用法
I ___ my homework. Can I watch TV now?
He ___ to Beijing twice.
I ___ the book last week. (强调过去的时间)
用动词的现在完成时填空: 1. I ___ (lose) my pen. I can't find it. 2. She ___ (go) to Shanghai. She isn't here. 3. They ___ (live) here since 2010.
写出下列动词的过去分词: do ___, take ___, give ___, make ___
用括号内动词的适当形式填空(注意区分时态): A: ___ you ___ (see) the new film? B: Yes, I ___. A: When ___ you ___ (see) it? B: I ___ (see) it last Sunday.